What does the scientific method involve?

The scientific method involves a systematic approach to inquiry that includes identifying problems and formulating testable explanations. This process typically begins with careful observation of phenomena, leading to questions about those observations. From there, researchers develop hypotheses, which are testable predictions that provide a basis for experiments.

Through experimentation, data is collected to either support or refute the hypothesis. This iterative process may involve modifying the hypothesis based on results, thus promoting further investigation and refinement of ideas. Ultimately, the scientific method emphasizes the importance of evidence and critical analysis, ensuring that conclusions drawn are based on reliable data rather than assumptions or anecdotal observations.

The other options do not accurately reflect the essence of the scientific method. Making random guesses does not follow the logical reasoning required in science, while conducting experiments without observation neglects the crucial initial stages of developing a hypothesis. Ignoring previous research is contrary to the scientific principles of building upon existing knowledge and understanding the context of one's work. Therefore, the focus on identifying problems and testing explanations aligns perfectly with the structured nature of the scientific method.