What are probiotics?

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host. This typically involves specific strains of bacteria that are beneficial for gut health, immunity, and overall well-being. The mechanisms by which probiotics work include the restoration of the natural balance of gut microbiota, competition with harmful bacteria, and modulation of the immune response.

The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of probiotics. Artificial supplements for energy are typically filled with stimulants or nutrients aimed at boosting energy levels, but they are not live organisms intended for health benefits like probiotics. Preservatives used in canning are substances that prolong the shelf life of food, preventing spoilage but do not offer the beneficial effects associated with probiotics. Sweeteners added to foods, which can include artificial or natural substances to enhance flavor, have no relation to live bacteria or their health-promoting properties. Therefore, the characteristic of probiotics as live bacteria providing health benefits is what makes this option the correct choice.