What are phospholipids composed of?

Phospholipids are a crucial component of cell membranes and are primarily composed of two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group. This specific structure allows phospholipids to form bilayers, which are essential for creating cell membranes. The two fatty acids provide hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties, while the phosphate group and glycerol backbone interact with the aqueous environment, providing hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties. This amphipathic nature is what enables the formation of lipid bilayers that are a fundamental part of cellular structures.

The other options do not accurately represent the composition of phospholipids. For example, having one fatty acid and two phosphates or three fatty acids without any phosphates does not align with the known structure of phospholipids. Therefore, the correct answer, detailing two fatty acids with one phosphate, accurately describes the essential components that facilitate the critical functions of phospholipids in biological systems.